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William Ayers Campbell

National Portrait Gallery

Object Details

Artist
Betsy Graves Reyneau, 6 Jun 1888 - 18 Oct 1964
Sitter
William Ayers Campbell, 12 Apr 1917 - 24 Apr 2012
Exhibition Label
Born Tuskegee, Alabama
A decorated fighter pilot who served in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam, William A. “Bill” Campbell joined the military in 1942, when all branches of the armed forces were rigidly segregated. Shortly after America’s entry into World War II, Campbell enrolled in flight training at special facilities established for African American pilots and technicians at Alabama’s Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University). Earning his wings in July 1942, Second Lieutenant Campbell was assigned to the U.S. Army Air Corp’s Ninety-Ninth Pursuit Squadron. On June 2, 1943, he saw action as a wingman on the inaugural combat mission carried out by the Tuskegee Airmen. The first African American pilot to bomb an enemy target, Campbell flew 106 missions and ended the war as commander of the Ninety-Ninth Fighter Squadron. Awarded two Distinguished Flying Crosses, a Bronze Star, the Legion of Merit, and thirteen Air Medals, he retired from the service as a full colonel in 1970.
Nacido en Tuskegee, Alabama
William A. “Bill” Campbell, condecorado piloto de combate que sirvió en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Corea y Vietnam, se enlistó en 1942, cuando existía una rígida segregación racial en todas las ramas de las fuerzas armadas. Poco después de que Estados Unidos entrara en la guerra mundial, Campbell se inscribió en un programa de adiestramiento de pilotos en las instalaciones especiales establecidas para pilotos y técnicos afroamericanos en el Tuskegee Institute (ahora Tuskegee University) de Alabama. Se graduó en julio de 1942 con el grado de teniente segundo y fue asignado al 99no Escuadrón de Combate de la Fuerza Aérea del Ejército de Estados Unidos. El 2 de junio de 1943 entró en acción como copiloto de la primera misión del grupo afroamericano conocido como “los aviadores de Tuskegee”. Campbell fue el primer piloto afroamericano que bombardeó un objetivo enemigo. Participó en 106 misiones y al terminar la guerra era comandante del 99no Escuadrón de Combate. Condecorado con dos Cruces de Vuelo Distinguido, una Estrella de Bronce, la Legión de Mérito y trece Medallas Aéreas, se retiró del servicio con el grado de coronel en 1970.
Collection Description
The Harmon Foundation, a philanthropic organization based in New York City (active 1922–1967), included this portrait in their exhibition Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin, which opened at the Smithsonian in 1944 and documented noteworthy African Americans’ contributions to the country. Modeling their goal of social equality, the Harmon sought portraits from African American artist Laura Wheeler Waring and Euro-American artist Betsy Graves Reyneau. The two painters followed the conventional codes of academic portraiture, seeking to convey their sitters’ extraordinary accomplishments. This painting, along with a variety of educational materials, toured nation-wide for ten years, serving as a visual rebuttal to racism.
La Harmon Foundation, entidad filantrópica con sede en la ciudad de Nueva York (activa entre 1922 y 1967), incluyó este retrato en Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin (Retratos de estadounidenses destacados de origen negro), una exposición inaugurada en la Smithsonian en 1944 que documentó las aportaciones de afroamericanos notables al país. A tono con sus ideales de igualdad social, la fundación encargó retratos a la artista afroamericana Laura Wheeler Waring y a la euroamericana Betsy Graves Reyneau. Ambas adoptaron los códigos convencionales del retrato académico para comunicar en sus obras los logros extraordinarios de sus modelos. Esta pintura, junto con diversos materiales educativos, viajó por la nación durante diez años planteando una impugnación visual del racismo.
Credit Line
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of the Harmon Foundation
1944
Object number
NPG.67.92
Restrictions & Rights
Usage conditions apply
Copyright
© Peter Edward Fayard
Type
Painting
Medium
Oil on canvas
Dimensions
106.7cm x 78.7cm (42" x 31"), Accurate
See more items in
National Portrait Gallery Collection
Exhibition
The Struggle for Justice Refresh
On View
NPG, West Gallery 220
National Portrait Gallery
Topic
Exterior\Sky
Vehicle\Airplane
Equipment\Goggles
Costume\Headgear\Hat\Aviator
William Ayers Campbell: Male
William Ayers Campbell: Arts and Culture\Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor
William Ayers Campbell: Science and Technology\Aviator
William Ayers Campbell: Military and Intelligence\Air Force\Officer\Air Force pilot
Portrait
Record ID
npg_NPG.67.92
Metadata Usage (text)
Usage conditions apply
GUID (Link to Original Record)
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4a56c167a-21f2-47dc-beaa-267ee6f884ed

Related Content

  • Explore America: Alabama

  • The Struggle for Justice

    Portrait Gallery
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IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more.
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