Skip to main content

Search

Donate

Home Smithsonian Institution

Site Navigation

  • Visit
    • Hours and Locations
    • Entry and Guidelines
    • Mall Museum Map
    • Dining
    • Shopping
    • Accessibility
    • Group Visits
  • What's On
    • Exhibitions
      • Current Exhibitions
      • Upcoming
      • Past Exhibitions
      • Online Exhibitions
    • Today's Events
    • Online Events
    • All Events
    • IMAX & Planetarium
  • Explore
    • Art & Design
    • History & Culture
    • Science & Conservation
    • Collections
      • Open Access
      • Smithsonian Snapshot
    • Research Resources
      • Libraries
      • Archives
        • Smithsonian Institution Archives
        • Air and Space Museum
        • Anacostia Community Museum
        • American Art Museum
        • Archives of American Art
        • Archives of American Gardens
        • American History Museum
        • American Indian Museum
        • Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, African Art
        • Freer and Sackler Archives
        • Hirshhorn Archive
        • National Anthropological Archives
        • National Portrait Gallery
        • Ralph Rinzler Archives, Folklife
        • Libraries' Special Collections
    • Blogs
    • Podcasts
    • Mobile Apps
  • Learn
    • For Kids and Teens
    • For Educators
      • Resources
      • Field Trips
      • Professional Development
      • Events
    • Youth Programs
    • Fellowships and Internships
  • Get Involved
    • Volunteer
      • Behind-the-Scenes
      • Digital Volunteers
      • Smithsonian Call Center
      • Visitor Information Specialist
      • Docent Programs
    • Citizen Science
    • Work with Us
      • Office of Human Resources
        • Working Here
        • Employee Benefits
        • Job Opportunities
        • How to Apply
        • Job Seekers with Disabilities
        • Frequently Asked Questions
        • SI Civil Program
        • Contact Us
      • Affiliations
      • Global Partners
  • Support
    • About Membership
    • Become a Member
    • Renew Your Membership
    • Make a Gift
  • About
    • Museums and Zoo
    • Research Centers
    • Cultural Centers
    • Education
    • Our Organization
      • Leadership
        • Secretary Bunch
        • Advancement
        • Communications
        • Administration
        • Education
        • Museums and Culture
        • Science and Research
      • Board of Regents
        • Members
        • Committees
        • Reading Room
        • Bylaws, Policies and Procedures
        • Contact
        • Schedules and Agendas
        • Meeting Minutes
        • Actions
        • Webcasts
      • General Counsel
        • Legal History
        • Internships
        • Records Requests
          • Records Request Reading Room
        • Tort Claim
        • Subpoenas & Testimonies
        • Events
      • Equal Employment Office
        • EEO Complaint Process
        • Individuals with Disabilities
        • Special Emphasis Program
        • Supplier Diversity Program
          • Doing Business with Us
          • Policies and Procedures
          • Additional Resources
          • Goals and Accomplishments
      • Sponsored Projects
        • Policies
          • Animal Care and Use
          • Human Research
        • Reports
        • Internships
    • Reports and Plans
      • Annual Reports
      • Metrics Dashboard
        • Dashboard Home
        • Virtual Smithsonian
        • Public Engagement
        • National Collections
        • Research
        • People & Operations
        • One Smithsonian
      • Strategic Plan
    • Newsdesk
      • News Releases
      • Media Contacts
      • Photos and Video
      • Media Kits
      • Fact Sheets
      • Visitor Stats
      • Secretary and Admin Bios
      • Filming Requests

Market Plaza Mexico

National Museum of American History

Addthis Share Tools

    • Print

Object Details

graphic artist
Hart, George O. "Pop"
Description
This aquatint, titled Market Plaza by Geoge O. "Pop" Hart, was printed about 1925, a period of peak migration for workers streaming to the United States seeking opportunity in the United States and escape from the chaos of the Mexican Revolution (1910 1921). Many of the married men settled in the United States and brought their wives and families—from 1900 to 1932, the Mexican-born population of the United States grew from 103,000 to over 1,400,000. Other Mexican workers returned to their homes in Jalisco, Guanajuato, or Michoacán, and came north periodically in search of seasonal or temporary work. Replacing recently banned workers from Asia, these men provided cheap labor for the newly irrigated cotton fields of Texas and Arizona, the copper mines of Utah, the fruit processing plants of California, and the railroads that connected all points in between. An abundance of factory jobs also increasingly attracted Mexican migrants to cities like Chicago and Milwaukee. But many of these hard-earned economic opportunities in the United States came to an end during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Mexican workers in areas like California had to compete with economic refugees from across the country. Many were targets of discrimination and anti-immigrant violence. Thousands of American citizens were among the 500,000 men, women, and children forcibly and suddenly moved to Mexico on buses and trains from Texas and California during the Great Depression. This print is one of a series of images created by American artists traveling in Mexico.
Description (Spanish)
Esta aguatinta, titulada Plaza del Mercado de Geoge O. "Pop" Hart, fue grabada alrededor de 1925, un período migratorio pico de trabajadores mexicanos a los Estados Unidos en busca de oportunidades y escapando del caos de la Revolución Mexicana (1910-1921). Muchos hombres casados se establecieron en Estados Unidos y luego llevaron sus esposas y sus familias—desde 1900 hasta 1932 la población de los Estados Unidos nacida en México aumentó de 103.000 a más de 1.400.000. Otros trabajadores mexicanos regresaban a sus hogares en Jalisco, Guanajuato o Michoacán y volvían al norte periódicamente en busca de trabajos de temporada. Estos hombres, quienes reemplazaron a los trabajadores provenientes de Asia, recientemente proscriptos, proveían mano de obra barata a los campos de algodón de Texas y Arizona, que gozaban de sistemas nuevos de irrigación, así como a las minas de cobre de Utah, las plantas procesadoras de frutas de California y los ferrocarriles que conectaban todos los puntos entre sí. También la abundancia de trabajos fabriles, convirtió en más atractivas para los mexicanos inmigrantes ciudades como Chicago y Milwaukee. Sin embargo, muchas de estas oportunidades económicas en los Estados Unidos, ganadas con el sudor de la frente, llegaron a su fin durante la Gran Depresión de los años '30. Los trabajadores mexicanos en áreas como California debían competir con refugiados económicos de todo el país. Muchos fueron objeto de discriminación y violencia contra los inmigrantes. Miles de ciudadanos americanos se contaron entre los más de 500.000 hombres, mujeres y niños que durante la Gran Depresión se vieron repentinamente forzados a mudarse a México en ómnibus y trenes desde Texas y California. Este grabado pertenece a la serie de imágenes creadas por artistas americanos que viajaban a México.
Location
Currently not on view
Credit Line
George O. Hart
ca 1925
Associated Date
20th century
ID Number
GA.14183
catalog number
14183
accession number
92987
Object Name
print
Object Type
Aquatint
Other Terms
print; Intaglio; Aquatint
Physical Description
paper (overall material)
ink (overall material)
Measurements
overall: 40.1 cm x 28.6 cm; 15 13/16 in x 11 1/4 in
place made
Mexico
Associated Place
Mexico
See more items in
Work and Industry: Graphic Arts
Cultures & Communities
Mexican America
Art
Title (Spanish)
Plaza del Mercado
National Museum of American History
subject
Latino
Immigration
Record ID
nmah_782286
Metadata Usage (text)
CC0
GUID (Link to Original Record)
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a5-b89e-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

Related Content

  • Mexican America

    American History Museum
  • Mexican America:Untitled

    American History Museum
  • Mexican America:Untitled

    American History Museum
  • Mexican America:Untitled

    American History Museum
  • Mexican America:Untitled

    American History Museum
  • Mexican America:Untitled

    American History Museum
Market Plaza, Mexico
There are restrictions for re-using this image. For more information, visit the Smithsonian's Terms of Use page .
International media Interoperability Framework
IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more.
View manifest View in Mirador Viewer

Footer logo

Link to homepage

Footer navigation

  • Contact Us
  • Press Room
  • Human Resources
  • Host Your Event
  • Access Smithsonian
  • EEO & Supplier Diversity
  • Inspector General
  • Records Requests
  • Privacy
  • Terms of Use

Social media links

  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Twitter
  • YouTube

Email signup form

Email powered by BlackBaud (Privacy Policy, Terms of Use)
Back to Top