Skip to main content

Search

My Visit
Donate
Home Smithsonian Institution

Site Navigation

  • Visit
    • Hours and Locations
    • Entry and Guidelines
    • Maps and Floor Plans
    • Dining and Shopping
    • Accessibility
    • Visiting with Kids
    • Group Visits
  • What's On
    • Exhibitions
      • Current Exhibitions
      • Upcoming
      • Past Exhibitions
      • Online Exhibitions
    • Today's Events
    • Online Events
    • All Events
    • IMAX & Planetarium
  • Explore
    • Art & Design
    • History & Culture
    • Science & Nature
    • Collections
      • Open Access
    • Research Resources
      • Libraries
      • Archives
        • Smithsonian Institution Archives
        • Air and Space Museum
        • Anacostia Community Museum
        • American Art Museum
        • Archives of American Art
        • Archives of American Gardens
        • American History Museum
        • American Indian Museum
        • Asian Art Museum Archives
        • Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, African Art
        • Hirshhorn Archive
        • National Anthropological Archives
        • National Portrait Gallery
        • Ralph Rinzler Archives, Folklife
        • Libraries' Special Collections
    • Blogs
    • Podcasts
    • Mobile Apps
  • Learn
    • For Kids and Teens
    • For Educators
      • Resources
      • Field Trips
      • Professional Development
      • Events
    • Youth Programs
    • Fellowships and Internships
  • Get Involved
    • Volunteer
      • Behind-the-Scenes
      • Digital Volunteers
      • Smithsonian Call Center
      • Visitor Information Specialist
      • Docent Programs
    • Citizen Science
    • Work with Us
      • Office of Human Resources
        • Working Here
        • Employee Benefits
        • How to Apply
        • Job Opportunities
        • Job Seekers with Disabilities
        • Frequently Asked Questions
        • SI Civil Program
        • Contact Us
      • Affiliations
      • Global Partners
  • Support
    • About Membership
    • Become a Member
    • Renew Your Membership
    • Make a Gift
  • About
    • Museums and Zoo
    • Research Centers
    • Cultural Centers
    • Education
    • Our Organization
      • Leadership
        • Secretary Bunch
        • Advancement
        • Communications
        • Administration
        • Education
        • Museums and Culture
        • Science and Research
      • Board of Regents
        • Members
        • Committees
        • Reading Room
        • Bylaws, Policies and Procedures
        • Contact
        • Schedules and Agendas
        • Meeting Minutes
        • Actions
        • Webcasts
      • General Counsel
        • Legal History
        • Internships
        • Records Requests
          • Reading Room
        • Tort Claim
        • Subpoenas & Testimonies
        • Events
      • Equal Employment Office
        • EEO Complaint Process
        • Individuals with Disabilities
        • Special Emphasis Program
        • Supplier Diversity Program
          • Doing Business with Us
          • Policies and Procedures
          • Additional Resources
      • Sponsored Projects
        • Policies
          • Animal Care and Use
          • Human Research
        • Reports
        • Internships
    • Reports and Plans
      • Annual Reports
      • Metrics Dashboard
        • Dashboard Home
        • Virtual Smithsonian
        • Public Engagement
        • National Collections
        • Research
        • People & Operations
        • One Smithsonian
      • Strategic Plan
    • Newsdesk
      • News Releases
      • Media Contacts
      • Photos and Video
      • Media Kits
      • Fact Sheets
      • Visitor Stats
      • Secretary and Admin Bios
      • Filming Requests

Horsepower Attachment for Improved Willis Planimeter

National Museum of American History
Social Media Share Tools
    • Print

Object Details

James L. Robertson & Sons
Description
In 1895 Edward J. Willis of Richmond, Va., modified the design of the planimeter he patented in 1894, adding the frame found on 1994.0356.01, MA.324247, and MA.323703. He also devised an attachment that would allow users to directly read the horsepower produced by a steam engine, instead of having to calculate it from the mean effective pressure given by his planimeter. Between 1899 and 1905, James L. Robertson & Sons started to sell the attachment and a set of tables for making readings, charging $20.00 in addition to the $18.00 price for the Improved Willis Planimeter.
Charles F. Engman, who owned this horsepower attachment, purchased his planimeter (MA.323703) before 1901. It is likely he bought the attachment at the same time. The German silver instrument has two rectangular scales, held together at one end with a thumbscrew. Each of the scales is 13" long. On one side, they are divided into 200 units, for the 200 maximum revolutions per minute of slow-speed engines. On the other, they are divided into 750 units, for the maximum 750 rpm of high-speed engines. One of the scales is marked at one end on the high-speed side with a serial number: 111.
Two slides with adjustable thumbscrews are placed on the scales. Points on the slides grip the paper. Corks are placed over the points to protect the case when the instrument is stored. A tracer arm is 13" long and may replace the tracer arm on a Willis planimeter. The planimeter is then used on top of the attachment, with the measuring wheel on one scale and the tracer point on the other.
A wooden case covered with black leather is lined with purple satin and velvet. The inside of the lid is marked: HORSE POWER ATTACHMENT (/) FOR THE (/) Improved Willis Planimeter. (/) PATENTED JULY 9th, 1895. (/) Manufactured by JAMES L. ROBERTSON & SONS, (/) NEW YORK, U. S. A.
The object was received at the museum in 1964.
References: Edward J. Willis, "Planimeter" (U.S. Patent 529,008 issued November 13, 1894; reissued as 11,568 September 22, 1896) and "Planimeter" (U.S. Patent 542,511 issued July 9, 1895); catalog of James L. Robertson & Sons (New York, [1899]), 29–31; James L. Robertson & Sons, Steam-Engine Indicators and Their Attachments (New York, 1905), 23; Hawkins' Indicator Catechism (New York: Theo. Audel & Co., 1903), 135–139; Hyman A. Schwartz, "The Willis Planimeter," Rittenhouse 7, no. 2 (1993): 60–64.
Location
Currently not on view
Credit Line
Gift of James C. Barnaby
1899-1901
ID Number
MA.323704
catalog number
323704
accession number
252501
Object Name
planimeter attachment
Physical Description
german silver (overall material)
cork (overall material)
wood (overall material)
leather (overall material)
fabric (overall material)
Measurements
case: 3 cm x 38.8 cm x 6.5 cm; 1 3/16 in x 15 9/32 in x 2 9/16 in
place made
United States: New York, New York
See more items in
Medicine and Science: Mathematics
Planimeters
Science & Mathematics
National Museum of American History
subject
Mathematics
Engineering
Naval History
Record ID
nmah_1214987
Metadata Usage (text)
CC0
GUID (Link to Original Record)
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746aa-a3b9-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

Related Content

  • Planimeters:Linear

    American History Museum
Improved Willis Planimeter Attachment
There are restrictions for re-using this image. For more information, visit the Smithsonian's Terms of Use page .
International media Interoperability Framework
IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more.
View manifest View in Mirador Viewer

Footer logo

Link to homepage

Footer navigation

  • Contact Us
  • Accessibility
  • Employment
  • Inspector General
  • Records Requests
  • EEO & Supplier Diversity
  • Privacy
  • Terms of Use
  • Host Your Event
  • Press Room

Social media links

  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Twitter
  • YouTube

Email signup form

Email powered by BlackBaud (Privacy Policy, Terms of Use)
Back to Top