Object Details
- Description
- High relief carving of Western Paradise. Amitabha presides over a lotus pond that contains flowers opening to reveal newborn souls. Numerous deities and celestial attendants fill in the tableau.
- Previous custodian or owner
- Lai-Yuan & Company (ca. 1915-April 1921)
- Provenance
- Before 1920
- Removed from Cave Temples of Xiangtangshan, Fengfeng, Handan Municipality, Hebei Province by unknown party [1]
- By 1920 to 1921
- Lai-Yuan & Company, New York, Pekin, Shanghai, and Paris acquired from an unknown source [2]
- From 1921
- Freer Gallery of Art purchased from Lai-Yuan & Co. in installments, the first of which was issued in May 1921 [3]
- Notes:
- [1] In the very early in the 20th century, the Cave Temples of Xiangtangshan suffered extensive damage and theft. The reliefs were removed from Cave 2 of the Southern group prior to 1920 when the Japanese team of Tokiwa and Sekino surveyed the site. See Shina Bukkyo Shiseki, Tokyo, 1927, vol. 3, pp. 53 ff., the two reliefs are not mentioned at all. J. Keith Wilson and Daisy Yiyou Wang outline when figures and fragments were removed from Xiangtangshan in “The Early-Twentieth-Century ‘Discovery’ of the Xiangtangshan Caves” in Echoes of the Past: The Buddhist Cave Temples of Xiangtangshan (Smart Museum of Art. Chicago IL with Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Washington DC, 2010), 125-126.
- [2] Lai-Yuan & Company, New York had this object and another large relief carving (F1921.1) in their possession in October 1920, see: Letter from Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of Smithsonian to Colonel Frank J. Hecker of Detroit, February 15, 1921, copy in object file. On November 22, 1920, Lai-Yuan & Company offered these pieces to the nascent Freer Galley of Art when they sent a letter quoting prices, see letters unsigned (likely from Katherine N. Rhoades) to Y.Z. Li, November 24 and December 8, 1920, copies in file. Lai-Yuan and company describes these objects as “Two Huge Archaic Stone Slabs of Norther Wei Dynasty,” see object descriptions, copy in object file.
- [3] On March 21, 1921, Lai-Yuan & Company sent this object, F1921.1, and F1921.3 to the Freer Gallery of Art via railroad. The objects arrived on March 29, however, the two stone relief sculptures, F1921.1 & F1921.2, were damaged. Lai-Yuan & Company completed repairs on these objects in November 1922 (for entire exchange regarding damage and repair, see correspondence in object file).
- The Freer Gallery of Art paid for the objects in instalments, the first of which was issued in May 1921 and the final on January 10, 1922, see letter from C. T. Loo to Miss. K. N. Roades, May 4, 1921 and unsigned letter (likely from Dr. Lodge) to “Gentlemen,” Lai-Yuan & Company, January 10, 1922, copies in object file.
- Credit Line
- Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment
- 550-577
- Period
- Northern Qi dynasty
- Accession Number
- F1921.2
- Restrictions & Rights
- CC0
- Type
- Sculpture
- Medium
- Limestone with traces of pigment
- Dimensions
- H x W: 159.3 x 334.5 cm (62 11/16 x 131 11/16 in)
- Origin
- southern Xiangtangshan, Cave 2, Hebei province, China
- Related Online Resources
- Google Cultural Institute
- See more items in
- Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
- On View
- Freer Gallery 17: Promise of Paradise
- Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
- Topic
- Buddhism
- tree
- bodhisattva
- relief seal
- Avalokiteshvara
- Northern Qi dynasty (550 - 577)
- lotus
- Amitabha Buddha
- meditation
- temple
- sutra
- cave
- China
- throne
- Mahasthamaprapta
- abhaya mudra
- Chinese Art
- Pure Land
- Record ID
- fsg_F1921.2
- GUID (Link to Original Record)
- http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye35e37bb3c-377b-415c-b5e7-0221da2bfef8
