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Superconducting Super Collider Collection

National Museum of American History

Object Details

Creator
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Science, Medicine, and Society
Place
Texas -- Environmental protection
Topic
Environmental impact analysis
Environmental protection -- Citizen participation
Superconducting Super Collider
NIMBY syndrome
Provenance
This collection was donated by individuals connected in various ways to the Superconducting Super Collider. The items were donated from personal collections, official files, and the project archives of several different institutions. The donors were Gail Adair, Mary Lou and Dr. Jim Alexander, Representative Joe Barton, Jean Caddel, Coby Chase, Bill Dunn, the Fermi National Laboratory Library, David L. Gross, Bill Herbert, Larry Jones, Sharon Lough, Uriel Nauenberg, Doug McCuen, Ian McPherson, Andrea Miller, Brian L. Petty, the Red Oak Chamber of Commerce, Pat and Dr. Robert Sanders, the Waxahachie Chamber of Commerce, J. Fred Weinhold, Mari Beth Williams, and Stan L. Yonkauski. A brief statement identifying donors and their connections to the Superconducting Super Collider accompanies each subseries in the container list.
Creator
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Science, Medicine, and Society
See more items in
Superconducting Super Collider Collection
Summary
The collection was assembled by Museum curators and documents the efforts of persons in eight states to have the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), a particle accelerator, built in their state. Also documents efforts in each state to oppose locating the SSC in their state. The collection contains correspondence, press kits, posters, signs, bumper stickers, leaflets, handbills, clippings, photographs, and a videotape.
Biographical / Historical
The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), if built, would have been the world's most expensive instrument for basic science. It would have allowed physicists to study the collisions of subatomic particles in conditions approximating those of the Big Bang, the beginning of the universe. The SSC design called for a 10-foot wide tunnel to be laid out in an oval pattern similar to a racetrack, approximately 53 miles in circumference and 14 miles in diameter. The tunnel, buried several hundred feet underground, would have contained nearly 10,000 superconducting magnets. Small clusters of buildings located above the tunnel were planned to house the SSC's offices, laboratories, and control facilities. All of these structures would have made the SSC the largest particle accelerator in the world and, at an estimated cost of between $4.4 and $11.8 billion, one of the largest public works projects ever undertaken in the United States. Physicists planned to use the SSC's superconducting magnets to accelerate two streams of protons (particles with a positive electrical charge that forming part of the nucleus of an atom) to a velocity of 20 trillion electron-volts (TeV) in opposite directions within the tunnel's parallel beam tubes. They would then deflect the two streams into each other and study the particles that were created in the resulting high-speed collisions. From these events, physicists hoped to detect particles never seen before and learn more about the composition of matter. In January 1987, President Reagan publicly declared his support for the proposed SSC, to be built under the authority of the Department of Energy (DOE). States were invited to submit site proposals for the project, and from the twenty-five states that responded, eight finalists were selected: Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. The huge scale of the SSC meant that it would have a significant environmental and cultural impact on the area selected. The SSC would, one source estimated, "require 16,000 acres of donated land, a flow of between 500 and 2,200 gallons of water a minute and up to 250-megawatts of power, as well as accessibility to a major airport, so the world's scientists can fly in and out."1 In many of the finalist states, opponents of the SSC organized and actively campaigned against the project. They raised issues such as the threat to uproot hundreds of people from their homes or create heavy tax and utility burdens. Opponents attended public hearings on SSC issues, distributed leaflets by mail and by hand, and conducted letter-writing campaigns to local politicians. In New York, Citizens Against the Collider Here (CATCH) was able to force the state to withdraw from the competition. Groups in other states learned from the New York group's experiences and used similar techniques in their own campaigns, sometimes adopting the name CATCH. As one CATCH activist recalled, "opponents were not against the SSC or basic sciences, however they did not believe that they should be forced out of their homes for the SSC."2 Supporters of the SSC, on the other hand, addressed the concerns of the citizens by writing editorials or distributing pamphlets responding to particular issues or questions. Prominent city officials and politicians traveled to the proposed sites to discuss the economic and scientific benefits of the SSC, and cities distributed bumper stickers supporting the project. Scientists rebuffed claims that the SSC would produce large amounts of deadly radioactivity and contaminate the entire area. Supporters promised that, "the SSC project would bring federal funding, international prestige, and jobs—starting with 4,500 construction jobs, and later 2,500 full-time research staff positions."3 In November 1988, the Department of Energy declared the winning site to be Ellis County, Texas, southwest of Dallas near the town of Waxahachie. Full-scale construction began three years later with the building of laboratory facilities for the design and manufacture of the SSC's superconducting magnets. Contractors began boring the main tunnel and several vertical access shafts in January 1993. The anticipated tremendous costs that dogged the project eventually helped undermine it. In June 1992 and again in June 1993, the House voted to cancel funds for the SSC; both times, the Senate restored funding. However, in October 1993 the House rejected the Senate's second restoration, and President Clinton echoed Congress's decision to cancel further work on the SSC. The project received a small budget to support termination activities through 1996. Once the remaining projects were shut down and the scientists and staff dispersed, only several empty buildings in the rural Texas countryside, and fourteen miles of tunnel underneath it, remained of the once-ambitious facility. At the National Museum of American History, planning for the Science in American Life exhibit—which would examine how science, technology, and American society have intersected over a hundred-year period—began in 1990, at the same time that preparations were being made in Texas to build the Super Collider. Early in the planning phases, Smithsonian curators decided to dedicate a section of the exhibit to the SSC. This section was intended to be a "work in progress" that would change over time as the collider was built, reflecting the current and ongoing debates over the massive machine. The exhibition design called for using materials donated by both supporters and opponents of the SSC. Early in the exhibit's development the curators began contacting organizations and individuals who both supported and opposed the SSC, asking if they still had materials related to their efforts. Over a two-year period, the curators collected a wide range of items in more than twenty donations, ranging from bumper stickers, t-shirts and hats, to newspaper clippings, maps, and copies of state site proposals. The design of the SSC portion of the Science in American Life exhibit became permanent with the closing of the SSC in late 1993. The SSC portion now focuses on the roles that special interest groups, protest, and grass-roots political campaigns play in large-scale scientific endeavors. Many of the donated items were included in the exhibit. Notes 1 DeMott, John S. and J. Madeleine Nash, "Super Push for a Supercollider," Time, April 13, 1987, p. 19, Box 2, Folder 20. 2 "Alexander Narrative," a brief typescript history of the New York CATCH organization, Box 3, Folder 14. 3 Koszczuk, Jackie. "Anti-SSC Felling CATCH-es On Fast," Daily Star News (Fort Worth, Texas), September 17, 1988, p. 4, Box 2, Folder 5.
Extent
4 Cubic feet (8 boxes)
Date
1985-1992
bulk 1987-1989
Custodial History
Collected for the National Museum of American History in preparation for the "Science in American Life" exhibition, with materials gathered from multiple donors. Transferred to the Archives Center from the Division of Science, Medicine, and Society (now Division of Medicine and Science) on October 6, 1995.
Archival Repository
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier
NMAH.AC.0538
Type
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Bumper stickers
Videotapes
Photographs
Clippings
Handbills
Signs (declaratory or advertising artifacts)
Posters
Citation
Superconducting Super Collider Collection, 1985-1992, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Arrangement
The collection is organized into nine series. Series 1: Arizona (Ian MacPherson), 1988, undated Subseries 1.1: Ian McPherson, 1988, undated Series 2: Colorado (Uriel Nauenberg), 1987 Subseries 2.1: Uriel Nauenberg, 1987-1988 Series 3: Illinois, 1987-1991, undated Subseries 3.1: Fermi National Laboratory Library/Paula Garrett, undated Subseries 3.2: David L. Gross, 1988, undated Subseries 3.3: Sharon Lough, 1988-1991 Subseries 3.4: Stan L. Yonkauski, undated Series 4: Michigan, 1988-1989 Subseries 4.1: Larry Jones, 1988-1989 Series 5: New York, 1986-1990 Subseries 5.1: Gail Adair, 1987 Subseries 5.2: Mary Lou and Jim Alexander, 1986-1990 Subseries 5.3: Bill Herbert, 1987 Subseries 5.4: Doug McCuen, 1987-1988 Subseries 5.5: Brian L. Petty, 1987-1988 Series 6: North Carolina, 1987 Subseries 6.1: Bill Dunn, 1987 Series 7: Tennessee, 1987-1992 Subseries 7.1: Robert and Pat Sanders, 1987-1992 Subseries 7.2: J. Fred Weinhold, 1987 Series :, Texas, 1985-1990, undated Subseries 8.1: Representative Joe Barton, undated Subseries 8.2: Jean Caddel, 1986-1989 Subseries 8.3: Coby Chase, 1985-1989 Subseries 8.4: Red Oak Chamber of Commerce, 1990 Subseries 8.5: Waxahachie Chamber of Commerce, undated Subseries 8.6: Mari Beth Williams, undated Series 9: Miscellaneous, 1987-1988
Processing Information
Processed by Paul Lagasse (intern), August 9, 1996; supervised by Craig Orr, archivist.
Rights
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Genre/Form
Bumper stickers
Videotapes
Photographs -- 1980-2000
Clippings -- 20th century
Handbills
Signs (declaratory or advertising artifacts)
Posters -- 20th century
Scope and Contents
The collections contains materials documenting the efforts by persons in eight competing states to have the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) built in their state, as well as efforts in each state to oppose locating the SSC within their state. The materials include correspondence, press kits, posters, signs, bumper stickers, leaflets, handbills, clippings, two photographs and one videotape.
Restrictions
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Related Materials
When the Superconducting Super Collider entered its termination phase in 1993, the Records Management Department of the project began grouping the official records of the SSC into five "disposition packages." These packages were in various stages of being assembled, shipped, received, and processed for research use and were dispersed to: the Fort Worth Regional Federal Records Center; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ("Fermilab") Archives; Niels Bohr Library, Center for History of Physics, American Institute for Physics; Ronald Reagan Presidential Library; and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Archives.
Related link
Record ID
ebl-1503510077782-1503510077797-0
Metadata Usage
CC0
GUID
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep886b5ecfc-c9b8-4e8c-8c4c-ee8e1622a6d9

In the Collection

Pages

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  • Final Environmental Impact Statement, Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. II B, 2 of 3

  • Final Environmental Impact Statement, Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. II A 1, pp. 501-1,005

  • The Superconducting Super Collider in New York State (binders), 1988

  • National Media Coverage Report of Colorado and the Superconducting Super Collider/Department of Energy Deadline, Ketchum Public Relations, part 2

  • Waxahachie, The Right Choice, The Super Collider Capitol (bumper sticker)

  • Final Environmental Impact Statement, Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. II A 2, pp. 321-688

  • Oversize Material

  • Arizona and the Super Collider (brochure)

  • North Carolina and the Superconducting Super Collider

  • Michigan Stockbridge Site (map)

  • "Look at Your New Neighbor," (poster)

  • Site Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. 6, Setting

  • Oversize Material

  • SCAN, Super Collider Accountability Network, Reports No. 3-15, 1990-1991

  • Site Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. 8, Utilities

  • Oversize Material

  • A New York State Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider Attachment F, Compendium of Endorsement

  • Sharon Lough

  • Superconducting Super Collider for Fermilab (newsletter), Vol. IV

  • Site Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. 4, Regional Resources

  • Site Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. 4, Regional Resources

  • Lists of wells, "Pultneyville," Blue Zone, Buffer Zone and Yellow Zone, undated

  • Superconducting Super Collider Site Evaluations

  • Miscellaneous documents related to SSC opposition

  • No Superconducting Super Collider (poster), undated

  • A New York State Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider, the St. Regis Valley Site

  • Republican Tom Luce for Governor (leaflet)

  • Jones, Craig. "Superconducting Super Collider: An Accurate Appraisal, a Heartland Policy Study," Heartland Perspective

  • The SSC in Tennessee. Site Proposal, Volume 7, Regional Condition, Vol. 4, Regional Resources

  • Site Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. 6, Setting

  • Map of Rochester, New York site

  • A Member of Waxahachie's Winning Team (memo pad)

  • Maps, miscellaneous, SSC site and local areas

  • CATCH Illinois (letterhead)

  • Daily Light (Waxahachie, Texas)

  • Superconducting Super Collider: The Case for Fermilab (pamphlet)

  • Waxahachie, Texas, the Center of Attention, Home of the Super Collider (bumper sticker)

  • Map, New York State, Rochester Superconducting Super Collider Site, Topographic Base Map with Superconducting Super Collider Alignment, Plate 3-1

  • Community Celebration (sign), 1988

  • Final Environmental Impact Statement, Superconducting Super Collider, Vol. II A 1, pp. 3,987-4,377

  • No Collider in Tennessee (bumper sticker)

  • A New York State Proposal for the Superconducting Super Collider, the St. Regis Valley Site, Vol. 3, Geology and Tunneling

  • Environmental Survey, Preliminary Report Fermi Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, (book excerpt)

  • Addenda, Kreitz Poster (1)

  • Addenda, Kreitz Poster (2)

  • Addenda (1)

Pages

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Editorial cartoons, original ink drawings, 6
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