The Mississippi Delta
Object Details
- Introduction
- The Mississippi Delta is the area formed by the alluvial flood plain of the lower Mississippi River and incorporating parts of four states, a region distinguished by both geographic and cultural characteristics. From the flat, rich land of west Tennessee through parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana, the entire region owes many of its cultural traditions to the Mississippi River and the many smaller rivers that permeate the area, some with names reflective of the Native Americans who first settled there or other groups who came later. Entire communities, operating with varying codes and customs based on indigenous traditions, have evolved around the region's rivers and bayous: from the commercial fisherfolk, trappers, and towboat workers, whose houses often cluster near major rivers, landings, and levees; to African American ministers and their congregations, who wade into the waters to baptize believers "the old way"; to the privileged planters' sons, whose membership in the exclusive hunting clubs along the river is bestowed by the accident of birth. The rivers are imbued with personal, local, and regional symbolism and significance. Today's Delta is still largely rural and agricultural, its economy very closely tied to the land. In spite of a century of clearing, cultivating, draining, and land leveling, the region retains its primitive swamps, bayous, and cypress brakes. It was the environmental wonder and agricultural richness of the region that led a diversity of cultural groups to settle there - or to be brought there, against their will, to cultivate its fields. For instance, in the 1890s several Mississippi plantation owners fretted over the declining work force and looked to Italy for a solution in the form of sharecroppers. Arkansas planters similarly brought Chinese to the Delta. Though the largest percentages of residents today are black African Americans and white Anglo-Saxons, the region also has substantial populations of people of Jewish, Chinese, Lebanese, Syrian, Italian, Greek, and Mexican ancestry. One can observe small Chinese groceries in many Delta towns, the large presence of Italian families and traditions throughout Mississippi and Arkansas, and the wonderful assimilation of ethnic foodways such as Delta tamales, probably brought to the Delta by Mexican farm workers who came to earn a living in the cotton fields. The Mississippi Delta program at the 1997 Festival cast its spotlight not only on the diverse musical traditions that evolved or were invented in the Delta, but also at the occupations associated with the land and water, the crafts and foodways that utilized the region's natural resources, the amusements that provided diversion to Delta residents, and the worshipping practices that gave them solace and strength. The program was curated by a team that included Deborah Boykin, Joyce Jackson, Worth Long, Michael Luster, Maida Owens, Diana Parker, Tom Rankin, Arlene Reiniger, and Susan Roach. Arlene Reiniger also served as Program Coordinator. Support for the program came from the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, the Mississippi Arts Commission, the Rhythm & Blues Foundation, and the Recording Industries Music Performance Trust Funds.
- Presenters
- Deborah Boykin, John T. Edge, Joyce Jackson, Worth Long, Michael Luster, Francesca McLean, Maida Owens, Wiley Prewitt, Tom Rankin, Susan Roach
- Participants
- HOME AREA Gene Chinn, Chinese traditions, Clarksdale, Mississippi Noah Chinn, Chinese traditions, Clarksdale, Mississippi Bradley Chow, Chinese traditions, Clarksdale, Mississippi Gilroy Chow, Chinese traditions, Clarksdale, Mississippi. Lisa Chow, Chinese traditions, Clarksdale, Mississippi Sally Chow, Chinese traditions, Clarksdale, Mississippi Dinni Clark, Southern cook, Columbus, Mississippi Lawrence M. Craig, barbecue cook, DeValls Bluff, Arkansas Lucinda Cusic, Southern cook, Leland, Mississippi Georgie Fisher, gardener, flower arranger, Greenville, Mississippi Albert Kelly, barbecue pit maker, Monroe, Louisiana Jewel McCain, tamale maker, Vicksburg, Mississippi Irma Rodriguez, tamale maker, Natchitoches, Louisiana Martha Skelton, quilter, Vicksburg, Mississippi Henrietta Taylor, quilter, Greenville, Mississippi Alice Virden, gardener, flower arranger, Greenville, Mississippi Edna White, tatter, Jackson, Mississippi Tampa Wilson, basket maker, Bentonia, Mississippi PLAY AREA Delta Dance Hall Eddie Cusic, blues guitar, Leland, Mississippi THE TIM LAUGHLIN'S NEW ORLEANS DIXIELAND JAZZ BAND, Dixieland Jazz -- THE TIM LAUGHLIN'S NEW ORLEANS DIXIELAND JAZZ BAND, Dixieland JazzEd Dowling, trumpet, New Orleans, LouisianaDavid Hansen, drums, New Orleans, LouisianaTim Laughlin, clarinet, New Orleans, LouisianaTom Roberts, piano, Annapolis, MarylandDavid Sager, trombone, Washington, D.C. BIG LUCKY & HIS MIGHTY MEN OF SOUND, Traditional Blues, Memphis, Tennessee -- BIG LUCKY & HIS MIGHTY MEN OF SOUND, Traditional Blues, Memphis, TennesseeShirley Bobo, vocalsLevester "Big Lucky" Carter, guitar, vocalsWillie "Boogieman" Hubbard, keyboardsMelvin Lee, bassDavid Valentine, drums, vocals KENNY BILL STINSON & THE ARK-Louisiana-MYSTICS, Rockabilly -- KENNY BILL STINSON & THE ARK-Louisiana-MYSTICS, RockabillyKevin Gordon, electric guitar, Nashville, TennesseePaul Griffith, drums, Nashville, TennesseeLorne Rail, bass guitar, Nashville, TennesseeKenny Bill Stinson, piano, guitar, W. Monroe, Louisiana SWEET MISS COFFY & THE MISSISSIPPI BURN'IN BLUES BAND, Soul Blues -- SWEET MISS COFFY & THE MISSISSIPPI BURN'IN BLUES BAND, Soul BluesDennis Bonds, guitar, Jackson, MississippiGregory Dishmon, drums, Pearl, MississippiVeeta Hatten, keyboards, vocals, Jackson, MississippiWillie James Hatten, bass guitar, Jackson, MississippiGeorge Myrick, guitar, Jackson, MississippiClaude C. Wells, keyboards, Jackson, Mississippi THE RUFUS THOMAS GROUP, Rhythm & Blues, Memphis, Tennessee -- THE RUFUS THOMAS GROUP, Rhythm & Blues, Memphis, TennesseeJimmy Kinnard, bassCharles Pitts, guitarJames Robertson, drumsJim Spake, tenor saxMarvell Thomas, keyboardsRufus Thomas, vocalsScott Thompson, trumpet Camp Site Bob Neill, camp activities, Leland, Mississippi Butch Richenbach, duck caller, Stuttgart, Arkansas Ann Sides, camp activities, Rosedale, Mississippi George Sides, camp caretaker, Rosedale, Mississippi WORK AREA Mabry Anderson, crop duster, Clarksdale, Mississippi Harry Williams Branton, catfish farmer, Leland, Mississippi Collins Brent, boat works, Greenville, Mississippi Grady "Bubba" Brown, crop duster, Lake Providence, Louisiana Wayne "Tookie" Collom, cotton work, harmonica, Rayville, Louisiana Henry Dorsey, cotton work, guitar, Rayville, Louisiana Robroy Fisher, cotton farmer, Greenville, Mississippi Penny Morris, net maker, Yazoo City, Mississippi Tom Morris, net maker, Yazoo City, Mississippi Billy Pearson, cotton farmer, Sumner, Mississippi Phil Robertson, hunting & fishing skills, W. Monroe, Louisiana Oren Russell, towboat captain, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Hugh Warren, catfish farmer, Indianola, Mississippi WORSHIP AREA Worship Crafts Rabbi David Skopp, Jewish crafts, Memphis, Tennessee Annie Staten, baptismal robe maker, Monroe, Louisiana Gayle Steen, altar cloth maker, Clarksdale, Mississippi Martha Weissinger, christening gown maker, Greenville, Mississippi Worship Stage Penola Caesar, lined-out hymns, Monroe, Louisiana THE GERALD LEWIS SINGERS, Gospel -- THE GERALD LEWIS SINGERS, GospelBilly Bays, electric guitar, bass guitar, Crossett, ArkansasRenee Calongne, vocals, W. Monroe, LouisianaKelvin Clark, electric guitar, W. Monroe, LouisianaFreedona Dobbins, vocals, W. Monroe, LouisianaAllan Eppinette, electric guitar, bass guitar, Monroe, LouisianaNick Ezell, steel guitar, Bastrop, LouisianaChuck Harris, drums, Bastrop, LouisianaGerald Lewis, piano, Monroe, Louisiana MARVIN MYLES FAMILY, Gospel -- MARVIN MYLES FAMILY, GospelKeith Myles, vocals, Washington, D.C.LaShondra Myles, vocals, Lyon, MississippiRev. Marvin Myles, vocals, Lyon, MississippiMarvin Myles, II, vocals, Lyon, MississippiMelvin Myles, vocals, Lyon, MississippiOlivia Myles, coordinator, Lyon, MississippiSamantha Myles, vocals, Lyon, MississippiMichael Thomas, keyboards, Clarksdale, Mississippi Reverend Willie Morganfield, oratory skills, Clarksdale, Mississippi Brother Phillip Payne, oratory skills, Lake Village, Arkansas REVELATORS, Gospel -- REVELATORS, GospelGene Coghlan, vocals, Drew, MississippiJim Ellis, vocals, guitar, Drew, MississippiCarl Massengail, guitar, banjo, vocals, Jayess, MississippiHerbie Swain, vocals, guitar, Cleveland, Mississippi WINNSBORO EASTER ROCK ENSEMBLE, Winnsboro, Louisiana -- WINNSBORO EASTER ROCK ENSEMBLE, Winnsboro, LouisianaHattie M. AddisonLaketa AddisonBooker T. BurkhalterSheila JacksonJimmy JonesTammie LynchShirley SpearsRev. Lionell Wilson
- Collection Creator
- Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
- See more items in
- Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1997 Festival of American Folklife
- Archival Repository
- Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
- Identifier
- CFCH.SFF.1997, Series 3
- Type
- Archival materials
- Collection Citation
- Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1997 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
- Collection Rights
- Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
- Collection Restrictions
- Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
- Record ID
- ebl-1503511976007-1503511976019-2
- Metadata Usage
- CC0