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The National Museum of Natural
History receives numerous requests for information on sharks and shark
attack. This pamphlet provides a list of selected references divided into
five categories: general references, shark attack, shark fishing, selected
species, and sensory systems. The citations include both technical and
popular publications. An asterisk, *, denotes a book or article that is
primarily technical. Most of the general references are, however, a combination
of technical details, authoritative information, and a lively text so
they could be categorized as both technical and popular.
The publications cited in the following pages are not available from
the Smithsonian Institution unless otherwise noted. They can be obtained
from most large public libraries or can be requested through an interlibrary
loan. Many are currently in print and can be ordered from local bookstores.
January, 2003
| Contents
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Shark Cave. This coral cave forms a dormitory for White-tipped
Reef Sharks. Squirrel fish hover above them near the cave roof.
Photographed off one of the Pearl Islands on Panama's Pacific
Coast. Photo by Carl C. Hansen. |
General
Allen, T.B.
1999 The Shark Almanac. Lyons Press, New York. 274 pp. (Facts
on the biology, anatomy, and behavior of sharks with many illustrations
and photographs.)
American Fisheries Society
1991 A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the
United States and Canada. 6th Edition. American Fisheries Society
Special Publication No. 20, Bethesda, Maryland. 183 pp.
Bigelow, H.B., and W.C. Schroeder
1948 *Sharks. In Fishes of the Western North Atlantic.
Memoir of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University,
New Haven. No. 1, Part 1, pp. 59-576. (A thorough discussion of the
biology, habits, and classification of Western Atlantic sharks as
of 1948, with inclusions of information on sharks of other parts of
the world.)
1953 *Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Skates and Rays. In Fishes
of the Western North Atlantic, Memoir of the Sears Foundation
for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven. No. 1, Part 2, pp.
1-514. Chimaeroids, Ibid, pp. 515-562.
Branstetter, S., ed.
1993 *Conservation Biology of Elasmobranchs. NOAA Technical Report
NMFS 115, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries
Service. 99 pp. (Contains 9 articles covering topics on elasmobranch
biology, fisheries, and public education.)
Bright, M.
2002 Sharks. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC
in Association with the Natural History Museum, London. 112 pp. (Biology
and behavior of sharks with latest findings from researchers around
the world, dispels misconceptions.)
Brownlee, S.
1985 Special report: on the track of the real shark. Discover,
Vol. 6, No. 7, July 1985, pp. 26-38.
Budker, P.
1971 The Life of Sharks. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
222 pp. (A history and biology of sharks with sections on classification,
anatomy, feeding, man-eaters, uses to man, and shark myths and legends.)
Carroll, R.L.
1988 *Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W.H. Freeman and Company,
New York. (Fossil sharks)
Cartmell, B.C.
1978 Let's Go Fossil Shark Tooth Hunting. Natural Science
Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 76 pp.
Carwardine, M. and K. Watterson
2002 The Shark-Watchers Handbook. Princeton
University Press, New Jersey (Guide to diving, snorkeling, where to
see sharks, photography) 287 pp.
Casey, J.G.
1964 Anglers' Guide to Sharks of the Northeastern United States,
Maine to Chesapeake Bay. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau
of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Circular 179, Washington, DC. 32
pp. (An illustrated key)
Castro, J.I.
1983 The Sharks of North American Waters. Texas A&M University
Press, College Station. 180 pp. (108 species accounts of sharks from
North American waters. The first part of the book discusses shark
evolution, anatomy, biology, distribution, and fishery methods.)
Clark, E.
1969 The Lady and the Sharks. Harper & Row. New York.
269 pp. (Experiences of a marine biologist.)
1981 Sharks, magnificent and misunderstood. National Geographic,
Vol. 160, No. 2, August 1981, pp. 13-83. (Highlights of shark biology
and behavior with many beautiful photographs.)
Cocke, J.
2002 Fossil Shark Teeth of the World: a collector’s guide.
Lamna, Torrence, California. 150 pp.
Colbert, E.H., and M. Morales
1991 Evolution of the Vertebrates. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. Publication, New York. 470 pp. (Chapter on the evolution of sharks.)
Compagno, L.J.V.
1984 *Sharks of the World. FAO Species Catalogue. FAO Fisheries
Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 4, Part l and Part 2. United Nations Development
Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Rome. 655 pp. (A compendium of shark information from details of classification
to distribution, habitat, biology, and fisheries with keys, glossary,
and literature references. The most complete work to date on all living
sharks. May be obtained in large university libraries.)
1988 *Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University
Press, New Jersey
2001 *Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated Catalogue
of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery
Purposes No. 1, Vol. 2. (Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks [Heterodontiformes,
Lamniformes and Orectologiformes]) Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, Rome. 269 pp. (One of three volumes intended
as an updating of Compagno 1984; Vols 1 and 3 as of 1/8/03, not published.)
Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert, and M.J. Smale
1989 Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik
Publishers, Cape Town. 160 pp. (A field guide that includes substantial
sections on general biology, commercial fisheries, shark attack, and
conservation.)
Cox, G. and M. Francis
1997 Sharks and Rays of New Zealand. Canterbury University
Press, New Zealand.
Daniel, J.F.
1934 *The Elasmobranch Fishes. University of California Press,
Berkeley. 332 pp. (Technical work on anatomy of sharks. Many later
editions published.)
Dingerkus, G.
1985 The Shark Watchers' Guide. Wanderer Books, Simon &
Schuster, Inc., New York. 144 pp. (A handy fact filled guide, easy
to read, about several familiar and unfamiliar species.)
Ellis, R.
1989 The Book of Sharks. Soft cover reprint of 1975 edition.
Grosset & Dunlap, New York. 256 pp. (Many black and white photographs
and color paintings illustrate this popular reference that includes
shark evolution, biology, accounts of selected species, myths, senses,
attacks, and repellents.)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald, and H. Hammann
1983 A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America.
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 336 pp. (Identification of marine fishes
of the Pacific coast; includes a section on cartilaginous fishes:
sharks, rays and chimaeras.)
Ferguson, A., and G. Cailliet
1990 Sharks and Rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium,
California. 64 pp. (Easy to read introduction to sharks and rays,
their biology and habitats with a section on the research performed
at the Monterey Aquarium.)
Gilbert, P.W., R.F. Mathewson, and D.P. Rall, eds.
1967 *Sharks, Skates and Rays. Johns Hopkins University Press,
Baltimore. 624 pp. (Thirty-nine papers by leading elasmobranch biologists
on subjects ranging from evolution, shark tagging, distribution, and
osmoregulation to the teeth of sharks, chemistry and physiology of
the nervous system and immunization.)
1984 Biology and behavior of sharks. Endeavour, New Series,
Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 179-187. (Many facts packed into an easy to read
format.)
Gruber, S. H., ed.
1990 Discovering Sharks. A volume honoring the work of Stewart
Springer. American Littoral Society, Highlands, New Jersey. 121 pp.
(Contains 24 papers covering all aspects of shark biology: taxonomy,
paleobiology, anatomical features, osmoregulation, sensory biology,
ageing and growth, feeding, deep sea sharks, migration, reproduction,
behavior, repellants and impending management issues.)
Hamlett, W.C., and B. Tota, eds.
1989 *Evolutionary and Contemporary Biology of Elasmobranchs. The
Journal of Experimental Zoology, Supplement 2, 1989, Eighth International
Symposium on Morphological Sciences, Rome, Italy, July 10-15, 1988.
198 pp.
Hamlett, W.C. , ed.
1999 Sharks, Skates, and Rays. The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes.
Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London. 515 pp. (Comprehensive
overview; a reference resource with up-dated materials on anatomy,
physiology and biochemistry; includes many technical citations. For
the graduate student and professional.)
Hennemann, R.M.
2001 Sharks & Rays: Elasmobranch
Guide of the World. IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt, Germany. 304
pp.
Hoar, W.S., and D.J. Randall, eds.
1969-1978 *Fish Physiology. Vol. I, 1969, Excretion, Ionic
Regulation, and Metabolism, 465 pp.; Vol. II, 1969, The Endocrine
System, 446 pp.; Vol. III, 1969, Reproduction and Growth, Bioluminiscense,
Pigments and Poisons, 485 pp.; Vol. IV, 1970, The Nervous System,
Circulation and Respiration, 532 pp.; Vol. V, 1971, Sensory Systems
and Electric Organs, 600 pp.; Vol. VI, 1971, Environmental Relations
and Behavior, 559 pp.; Vol. VII, 1978, Locomotion, 576 pp. Academic
Press, New York.
Hoar, W.S., D.J. Randall, and J.R. Brell, eds.
1978 *Fish Physiology. Vol. VIII, Bioenergetics and Growth.
Academic Press, New York. 786 pp.
Hoar, W.S., D.J. Randall, and E.M. Donaldson, eds.
1983 *Fish Physiology. Vol. IX, Reproduction, Part A, Endocrine
Tissues and Hormones, 483 pp.; Vol. IX, Reproduction, Part B, Behavior
and Fertility Control, 476 pp. Academic Press, New York.
Johnson, R.H.
1978 Sharks of Tropical and Temperate Seas. Les Editions du
Pacifique, Papeete, Tahiti. 170 pp. (Species accounts; handy fact
filled guide.)
Kent, B.W.
1994 Fossil Sharks of the Chesapeake Bay Region. Egan Rees
& Boyer, Inc., Columbia, Maryland. 146 pp. (Details ways to identify
fossil sharks; also includes fossil history of sharks and biology
of living sharks; many line drawings of teeth and shark dentitions.)
Last, P.R., and J.D. Stevens
1993 Sharks and Rays of Australia. CSIRO Information Services,
PO Box 89, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. 513 pp., 84 plates. (Identifies
and illustrates 296 species of sharks and rays; includes 300 color
maps with distribution information; describes feeding habits, biology
and reproduction.)
Lineaweaver, T.H., III, and R.H. Backus
1970 The Natural History of Sharks. J.B. Lippincott Co., New
York. 256 pp. (Lively discussion of many aspects of shark biology
and behavior. 1984 paperback edition, Schocken Books, New York)
Luer, C.A., and P.W. Gilbert
1991 Elasmobranch fish: oviparous, viviparous, and ovoviviparous.
Oceanus, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 47-53. (Easy to read discussion
of the reproductive adaptations in sharks and rays.)
Macdonald, J.R.
1983 The Fossil Collector's Handbook: a Paleontology Field Guide.
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 193 pp.
MacQuitty, M.
1992 Shark. (Eyewitness Books). Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New
York. 64 pp. (For upper elementary and junior high grades; describes
the physical characteristics, behavior, and life cycle of various
shark species. Has many color photographs.)
Michael, S.W.
1993 Reef Sharks and Rays of the World: A Guide to their Identification,
Behavior, and Ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.
107 pp. (Color field guide; introduction on biology and ecology followed
by glossary of terms and pictorial key to families.)
Moss, S.A.
1984 Sharks: an Introduction for the Amateur Naturalist. Prentice-Hall,
Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 246 pp. (Excellent treatment of
shark biology; easy to read, with information on all aspects of sharks,
particularly their physiology.)
Northcutt, R.G., ed.
1977 *Recent advances in the biology of sharks. American Zoologist,
Vol. 17, No. 2, Spring 1977, pp. 287-515. (Technical papers on a variety
of subjects dealing with the anatomy, biology, and behavior of sharks.)
Perrine, D.
1999 Sharks & Rays of the World. Voyageur Press, Stillwater,
Minnesota. 132 pp. (Many engaging photographs)
Pope, J., and B.H. Smart
2002 1001 Facts about Sharks. Dorling Kindersley Pub. Inc.,
192 pp. (8 years old & up)
Pratt, H.L. Jr., S.H. Gruber, and T. Taniuchi, eds.
1990 *Elasmobranchs as Living Resources: Advances in the Biology,
Ecology, Systematics, and the Status of the Fisheries. Proceedings
of the Second United States-Japan Workshop East-West Center, Honolulu,
Hawaii, 9-14 December 1987. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 90. U.S. Department
of Commerce. Seattle, Washington. 518 pp.
Prince, E.D., and L.M. Pulos, eds.
1983 *Proceedings of the International Workshop on Age Determination
of Oceanic Pelagic Fishes: Tunas, Billfishes, and Sharks. U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Report NMFS 8. 211 pp. (Technical)
Randall, J.E.
1986 Sharks of Arabia. Immel Publishing, London. 148 pp.(Information
on shark anatomy, evolutionary history and on human/ shark interactions
as well as a discussion of the 44 sharks inhabiting the waters that
surround the Arabian Peninsula. Color photographs of living sharks.)
Reader's Digest Editors
1986 Sharks, Silent Hunters of the Deep. Reader's Digest Services
Pty Ltd, Sydney, London, New York, Montreal, Capetown. 208 pp. (Contributions
from experts in the field on shark biology, behavior, history, myths,
worldwide records of attacks and ways to repell sharks. Beautiful
color photographs.)
Romer, A.S.
1966 Paleontology. 3rd edition. University of Chicago Press,
Chicago and London. 468 pp. (Fossil sharks)
Schwartz, F.J.
1984 Sharks, Sawfish, Skates, and Rays of the Carolinas. Special
Publication, Institute of Marine Sciences, Moorehead City, North Carolina.
101 pp. (Guide with field key to Carolinian sharks; includes information
on fossil sharks and teeth, sport and commercial fisheries, and shark
attacks in Carolina waters.)
1989 Sharks of the Carolinas. Institute of Marine Sciences,
Moorehead City, North Carolina. 53 pp.
Shirai, S.
1992 *Squalean Phylogeny: a New Framework of "Squaloid"
Sharks and Related Taxa. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo. 151
pp.
Shuttleworth, R.J., ed.
1988 *Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, New York, London. 324 pp. (Technical: includes chapters on
the respiratory system, nervous system, sensory physiology, muscles
and locomotion, salt water balance, and reproductive physiology.)
Springer, V.G., and J.P. Gold
1989 Sharks in Question. The Smithsonian Answer Book. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, DC. 176 pp. (Natural history of selected
species and answers to questions commonly asked about sharks.)
Stead, D.G.
1964 Sharks and Rays of Australian Seas. Angus and Robertson,
London. 211 pp.
Steel, R.
1985 Sharks of the World. Facts on File Publications, New
York. 192 pp. (An account of many aspects of shark biology, behavior,
and shark attacks.)
Stevens, J.D., ed.
1999 Sharks. 2nd edition, Check Mark Books, New York. 240
pp. (Survey of sharks and shark behavior, beautifully illustrated
for the layman. Articles written by experts in the field cover evolution,
ecology, distribution, incidence of shark attacks throughout the world,
myths, practical role of sharks, and ways to repel sharks.
Stevens, J.E.
1994 The delicate constitution of sharks. Bioscience, Vol.
44, No. 10, November 1994, pp. 661-664. (Describes problems and solutions
to keeping sharks in captivity.)
Stoskopf, M.K.
1993 *Fish Medicine. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, London.
882 pp. ( Section VIII, pp. 737-816 on sharks, skates and rays. Includes
a brief review of taxonomy and natural history of sharks, anatomy,
physiology, reproduction, and comprehensive discussion of shark diseases
and pathology.)
Taylor, L.
1993 Sharks of Hawai'i: Their Biology and Cultural Significance.
University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 126 pp. (Includes species accounts
of Hawaiian sharks and a comprehensive register of shark attacks in
Hawai'i by George H. Balazs.)
Taylor, L. ed.
2001 Sharks. The Little Guides. Federal Sheet Press,
Springfield, Massachusetts. 320 pp. (Handy small size introduction
to sharks.)
Thompson, I.
1982 The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils.
Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 846 pp.
Thorson, T.B., ed.
1976 *Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes.
School of Life Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 663 pp.
(Section on freshwater sharks.)
Welton, B.J., and R.F. Farish
1993 The Collector's Guide to Fossil Sharks and Rays from the
Cretaceous of Texas. Before Time, Lewisville, Texas. 204 pp. (Identification
guide plus information on fossil preparation and display, tooth collecting
and collection sites with extensive list of references.)
Wilson, R., and J.Q. Wilson
1985 Watching Fishes: Life and Behavior on Coral Reefs. Harper
& Row Pub., New York. 275 pp. (Includes a section on sharks.)
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1981 Sharks. Oceanus, Vol. 24, No. 4, Winter,1981/82. 80 pp.
(Semi-technical level; devoted to shark research. Sections on classification,
vision, feeding, reproduction, sensory experiments, grouping behavior,
and shark repellents. No longer in print but can be obtained in large
libraries.)
Wourms, J., and L. Demski, eds.
1993 *Reproduction and Development of Sharks, Skates, Rays and Ratfishes.
Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1993, Vol. 38, No. 1-3, 270
pp. (Results from the 1990 Charleston, SC, AES Sumposium: 22 papers
arranged in four sections: reproductive ecology and life history;
structure and function of the reproductive system; neural and endocrine
control of reproduction; embryonic development and viviparity.)
Zahuranec, B.J., ed.
1983 *Shark Repellents from the Sea: New Perspectives. American
Association for the Advancement of Science, Selected Symposium 83.
210 pp.
Return to Contents
Shark Attack
Baldridge, H. D.
1974 Shark Attack. Berkeley Pub. Corp., New York. 263 pp.
(An analysis of the information from the International Shark Attack
File. Case histories, most dating between 1958 and 1967, are cited.
Possible causative factors in shark attacks are discussed. No longer
in print, but may be obtained from local libraries.)
1988 Shark aggression against man: beginnings of an understanding.
California Fish and Game, Vol 74, No.4, pp. 208-217. (A summing
up of what we know about shark attacks and where we go from here.)
1990 Shark repellent: not yet, maybe never. Military Medicine,
Vol. 155, No. 8, August 1990, pp. 358-361. (History of the interest
in use of shark repellents, practicability reexamined and guidelines
suggested for future development.)
Coppleson, V.M.
1962 Shark Attack. 2nd edition. Angus and Robertson, Sydney.
269 pp. (Discussion of shark attacks on a world wide basis.)
Ellis, R., and J. McCosker
1986 Speaking of sharks. Oceans, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 25-29,
58-60. (A dialogue on white shark attack strategies.)
Gilbert, P.W., ed.
1963 *Sharks and Survival. D.C. Heath and Co., Boston. 578
pp. (Discussion of the identification, distribution, behavior, nervous
system and sense organs of sharks. Focuses on shark attacks, dangerous
species, patterns, repellents and tests of the effectiveness of shark
repellents.)
Gruber S.H.
1988 Why do sharks attack humans? Naval Research Reviews,
Vol. XL, 1, pp. 2-12. (Motivations of sharks, analyzing shark attacks,
and the research programs of the Office of Naval Reseach are discussed.)
Hodgson, L.
1984 Shark netting: a costly security blanket. Australian Natural
History, Vol. 21, No. 7, Summer 1984-85, pp. 283-284.
Klimley, A.P.
1994 The predatory behavior of the white shark. American Scientist,
Vol. 82, March-April 1994, pp. 122-133.
Klimley, A.P., and D.G. Ainley, eds.
1996 See Selected Species
Le Boeuf, B.J., J.E. McCosker, and J. Hewitt
1987 *Crater wounds on northern elephant seals: the cookiecutter
shark strikes again. Fishery Bulletin, Vol. 85, No. 2, pp.
387-392.
Martin, M.
1985 The shark: more threatened than threatening! Sea Frontiers,
Vol. 31, No. 5, September-October 1985, pp. 296-303. (Reductions in
shark populations and age and growth studies.)
McCormick, H.W., T. Allen, and Capt. Wm. Young
1963 Shadows in the Sea: Sharks, Skates, and Rays. Johns Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore. 415 pp. (A popular account about sharks
and Capt. Young's observations of shark behavior.)
Miller, D.I., and R.S. Collier
1980 *Shark attacks in California and Oregon 1926-1979. California
Fish and Game, Vol. 67, pp. 76-104.
Nelson, D.R., R.R. Johnson, J.N. McKibben, and G.G. Pittenger
1986 *Agonistic attacks on divers and submersibles by gray reef sharks,
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos: anti- predatory or competitive?
Bulletin of Marine Science, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 68-88.
Perrine, D.
1989 Reef shark attack! New clues raise new questions about why sharks
bite people. Sea Frontiers, Vol.35, No. 1, January -February
1989, pp. 31-41
Reader's Digest Editors
1986 See General Section
Sibley, G., J.S. Seigel, and C.C. Swift, eds.
1985 See Selected Species
Stevens, J.D., ed.
1987 See General Section
Taylor, L.
1993 See General Section
Zahuranec, B.J., ed.
1983 See General Section
Return to Contents
Shark Fishing
Dunn, B. and P. Goadby
2000 Saltwater Game Fishes of the
World. Australian Fishing Network. 292 pp. (History of shark fishing,
in one section of this book replete with excellent reproductions of
old photographs.)
Gordievskaya, V.S.
1973 *Shark Flesh in the Food Industry. Pacific Scientific
Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (translated
from Russian), Published for the National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA, by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.
26 pp.
Maxwell, G.
1952 Harpoon Venture. The Viking Press, New York. 304 pp.
A lively account of the author's experiences establishing and operating
a basking shark fishery in the Outer Hebrides; includes much about
the behavior and biology of the basking shark.)
Otwell, W.S. et al.
1985 Manual on Shark Fishing. Sea Grant Report No. 73. Florida
Sea Grant College, Gainesville, Florida. 44 pp.
Ripley, W.E.
1946 The soupfin shark and the fishery. California Division of Fish
and Game, Fishery Bulletin, Vol. 64, pp. 7-37.
Return to Contents
Selected Species
Benchley, P. and D. Doubilet
2000 Inside the Great White. National
Geographic, Vol. 197, No. 4, April 2000, pp. 4-29. (Observations
of the Great White capturing prey off the shore of Gansbaai, South
Africa.)
Clark, E.
1975 Into the lairs of sleeping sharks. National Geographic,
Vol. 47, No. 4, April 1975, pp. 570-584. (Observations of Carcharhinus
springeri "sleeping" in caves off Yucatan.)
1992 Whale sharks. National Geographic, Vol. 182, No. 6, Dec.
1992, pp. 123-139.
Curtsinger, B.
1995 Close encounters with the gray reef shark. National Geographic,
Vol. 187, No. 1, January 1995, pp. 44-67.
1999 Tiger in the kill. National Geographic, vol. 196, No.
5, November 1999, pp. 28-35 (Tiger sharks prey on Laysan albatrosses.)
Davis, C.
1983 The awesome basking shark. Sea Frontiers, Vol. 29, No.
2, pp. 78-85.
Ellis, R., and J. McCosker
1991 Great White Shark. Harper-Collins Books, NY, in collaboration
with Stanford University Press, CA. 270 pp. (A general survey of sharks
including the great white's extinct relative, Carcharodon megalodon,
and the relationship between sharks and man. Essays on problems of
keeping white sharks in captivity, how to save the white shark, and
new insights on shark attack behavior.)
Gilbert, P., and C. Gilbert
1986 The baffling basking shark. Animal Kingdom, Vol. 89,
No. 3, pp. 35-37.
Gruber, S.H.
1988 Sharks of the shallows. Natural History, Vol. 97, No.
3, March 1988, pp. 50-59. (Life history of lemon sharks in the Bimini
lagoons, fifty miles east of Miami, Florida.)
Hutchins, B.
1992 Megamouth: gentle giant of the deep. Australian Natural History,
Vol. 23, No. 12, pp. 910-917.
Ketchen, K.S.
1986 *The Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the Northeast
Pacific and a History of its Utilization. Canadian Special Publication
of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 88. 78 pp.
Klimley, A.P.
1994 See Shark Attack. (White shark predatory behavior.)
1995 Hammerhead city. Natural History, Vol. 104, No. 10, October
1995, pp. 32-39 pp. (Schooling behavior of scalloped hammerheads.)
Klimley, A.P., and D.G. Ainley, eds.
1996 Great White Sharks. The Biology of Carcharodon carcharias.
Academic Press, San Diego, New York. 517 pp. (Technical treatment
by experts in the field on white shark evolution, anatomy, physiology,
behavior, ecology and distribution, population biology and interactions
with humans.)
Lavenberg, R.J.
1991 Megamania. The continuing saga of megamouth sharks. Terra,
Vol. 30, No. 1, Fall 1991, pp. 30-39. (Review of all megamouth captures,
particularly megamouth VI and its release.)
Lavenberg, R.J., and J.A. Seigel
1985 The Pacific's megamystery-Megamouth. Terra, Vol. 23,
No. 4, March/April 1985, pp. 29-31.
Long, J.
1995 Big tooth. Australian Natural History, Summer 1994-95,
pp.43-48. (Evolution of the white shark and its extinct relatives.)
Maxwell, G.
1952 See Shark Fishing. (Basking shark biology and behavior.)
Michael, S.
1986 The inflatable sharks. Survival of the fattest? Sea Frontiers,
Vol. 32, No. 1, January-February 1986, pp. 27-33. (Behavior of the
swell shark.)
Morrissey, J.F.
1987 Shark research at sea. Sea Frontiers/Sea Secrets, Vol.
33, No. 4, pp. 244-255. (Describes research performed on sharks, particularly
the lemon sharks, found in Bimini waters.)
Morrissey, J.F., and H. Butcher V
1988 The natural history of tiger sharks. Sea Frontiers, Vol.
34, No. 5, September-October 1988, pp. 264-271.
Nammack, M.F., J.A. Musick, and J.A. Colvocoresses
1985 *Life history of the spiny dogfish off the northeastern United
States. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, Vol.
114, pp. 367-376.
Nelson, D.R. and R.H. Johnson
1980 *Behavior of the reef sharks of Rangiroa, French Polynesia.
National Geographic Society Research Reports, Vol. 12, pp.
479-499.
Olsen, A.M.
1984 *Synopsis of Biological Data on the School shark, Galeorhinus
australis (Macleay 1881). FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 139. Rome:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 42 pp.
Pratt, H.L. Jr., and J.C. Carrier
1995 Wild mating of the nurse sharks. National Geographic,
Vol. 187, No. 5, May 1995, pp. 44-53.
Renz, M.
2002 Megalodon: Hunting the Hunter. Paleo Press, Leheigh Acres,
Florida. Paperback with over 350 photographs; for fossil collectors.
Russo, R.
1984 Whitetip-the cave shark. Sea Frontiers, Vol. 30, No.1,
January-February 1984, pp. 30-36. (Whitetip reef shark.)
Sibley, G., J.A. Seigel, and C.C. Swift, eds.
1985 *Biology of the white shark. Memoirs of the Southern California
Academy of Sciences, Vol. 9, pp.1-150. (Studies of white shark
distribution, age/growth, physiology, predatory behavior and attacks
along the West coast.)
Snelson, F.F. Jr., T.J. Mulligan, and S.E. Williams
1984 *Food habits, occurrence, and population structure of the bull
shark, Carcharhinus leucas, in Florida coastal lagoons. Bulletin
of Marine Science, Vol.34, No. 1, pp. 71-80.
Taylor, G.
1994 Whale Sharks: the Giants of Ningaloo Reef. Foreword by
Eugenie Clark. Angus & Robertson, New York. 176 pp.
Wood, L.
1986 Megamouth: new species of shark. Sea Frontiers/Sea Secrets
Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 192-198.
Yano, K., J.F. Morrissey, Y. Yabumoto, and K. Nakaya, eds.
1997 Biology of the Megamouth Shark. Tokai University Press,
Tokyo, Japan. 203 pp. (21 papers on dissection of the megamouth caught
in Hakata Bay, Fukuoka, Japan.)
Return to Contents
Sensory Systems
Atema, J., R.R. Fay, A.N. Popper, W.N.
Tavolga, eds.
1988 *Sensory Biology of Aquatic
Animals. Springer-Verlag, New York, London. 936 pp.
Gruber, S.H. and P. Morrissey
1978 Sharks: good vision or poor? Sea
Frontiers, Vol. 24, No. 4, July-August 1978, pp. 229-236.
Hueter, R.E. and J.L. Cohen, eds.
1991 *Symposium, Vision in Elasmobranchs:
A Comparative and Ecological Perspective. Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota,
Florida, April 27-29, 1989. The Journal of Experimental Zoology.
Supplement 5, 1990. 182 pp.
Hodgson, E.S., and R.F. Mathewson, eds.
1978 Sensory Biology of Sharks, Skates,
and Rays. Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia. 666 pp.
Klimley, P.
1995 See Selected
Species
Moss, S.A.
1984 See General
Section
Nelson, D.R., T.C. Tricas, and S. Gruber
2001 The Behavior and Sensory Biology
of Elasmobranch Fishes: An Anthology in Memory of Donald R. Nelson.
Kluwer Academic Publishing. 308 pp.
Zahuranec, B.J., ed.
1983 See General
Section
Return
to Contents
Additional
Sources of Information
"Shark" by William R. Hall,
MAS bulletin published by the University of Delaware Sea Grant Marine
Advisory Service. Bulletin may be ordered from the Marine Communications
Office, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716. Phone (302) 831-8083.
One copy free; multiple copies, $.25 each.
Sea World Education Department Booklet:
Sharks and Their Relatives, 3rd edition,
1995, 30 pp. Write to Sea World, 7007 Sea World Drive, Orlando, Florida
32821 or call (407) 351-3600 to order. $5.00 each.
WEB Sites
American Elasmobranch Society home page:
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Organizations/aes/aes.htm
Bibliography of the Megamouth Shark:
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/megamouth/BiblioMega.htm
Bibliography of the Whale Shark:
http://scilib.ucsd.edu/sio/indexes/whalshr1.html
California Department of Fish and Game: shark tagging program summary:
http://www.sharktagger.com/program.html
Mote Marine Laboratory: http://www.mote.org
ReefQuest Expeditions: a combination of shark pages and expedition
pages. Use your search vehicle such as Google to locate the web site.
Shark Attacks: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Sharks/ISAF/ISAF.htm
Return to Contents
Prepared by the Department of Vertebrate Zoology,
National Museum of Natural History
in cooperation with the Public Inquiry Mail Service,
Smithsonian Institution
VZ04
rev. 1/03
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