Marine Otters - Technical

Brownell, R.L., Jr. 1978 Ecology and conservation of the marine otter, Lutra felina. Otters, Proceedings of the First Working Meeting of the IUCN - SSC Otter Specialist Group, Paramaribo, Suriname. IUCN Publication New Series, pp. 104-106.

Cabello, C.C. 1978 La nutria de mar (Lutra felina) en la Isla de Chiloe, Chile. Otters, Proceedings of the First Working Meeting of the IUCN - SSC Otter Specialist Group, Paramaribo, Suriname. IUCN Publication New Series, pp. 108-118.

1983 La nutria de mar en la Isla de Chiloe. Corporacion National Forestal, Bol. Tec. 6, pp. 1-37.

Castilla, J.C. 1982 Nuevas observaciones sobre conducta, ecologia y densidad de Lutra felina (Molina 1782) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) en Chile. Publicaciones Ocas. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat.. No. 38, pp. 197-206. (In Spanish with English summary.)

Estes, J.A. 1986 Marine otters and their environment. Ambio, Vol.15, No. 3, pp. 181-183.

Grimwood, I.R. 1969 Notes on the Distribution and Status of Some Peruvian Mammals 1968. Special publication 21, American Committee for International Wildlife Protection and New York Zoological Society, Bronx, New York. 86 pp.

Harris, C.J. 1968 Otters. A Study of the Recent Lutrinae. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 397 pp. (Chapters on taxonomy, natural history, European, Middle Eastern, Asian, African, North American, Central and South American otters and the Sea otter.)

Mason, C.E. and S. M. Macdonald 1986 Otters: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York. 236 pp. (Lutra felina, pp. 170-172.)

Osgood, W.H. 1943 The Mammals of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Zoological Series Vol. 30. 268 pp.

Zyll de Jong, C.G. 1972 A Systematic Review of the Nearctic and Neotropical River Otters (Genus Lutra, Mustelidae, Carnivora). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Vol. 80. 104 pp.

Return to Table of Contents

Sea Otters - Technical

Barabash-Nickiforov, I.I. 1962 The Sea Otter. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd., Jerusalem. 227 pp., illus. (Available from the Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.)

Berta, A. and G. S. Morgan 1985 A new sea otter (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of North America. Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 809-819. (Fossil sea otters.)

Chanin, P. 1985 The Natural History of Otters. Facts on File Pub., New York. 179 pp. (Authoritative but readable; section on interactions of man and otters.)

Cimberg, R.L. and D.P. Costa 1985 North Aleutian shelf sea otters and their vulnerability to oil. API Publication 1985, pp. 211-217.

Costa, D.P. and G.L. Kooyman 1981 Effects of oil contamination in the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Final Reports, Research Unit No. 71. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, Final Reports of Principle Investigators, Vol. 10, Biological Studies, pp. 65-87.

Daugherty, A.E. 1979 Marine Mammals of California. 3rd revised edition, reprint 1985. University of California Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. 61 pp.

Davis, B.S. 1977 The Southern sea otter revisited. Pacific Discovery, Vol. 30, No. 2, March April 1977, pp.1-13. (Authoritative account of biology and management of the California Sea Otter.)

Davis, J. and W. Lidicker, Jr. 1975 The taxonomic status of the Southern sea otter. Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, 4th Ser., Vol. 40, No. 14, pp. 429-437.

Estes, J.A. 1980 Enhydra lutris. (Sea Otter). American Society of Mammalogists, Mammalian Species, No. 133, pp. 1-8,3 figs., April 15, 1980.

1981 The case of the sea otter. In P.A. Jewell and S. Holt, editors, Problems in Management of Locally Abundant Wild Mammals, pp. 167-180.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1982 Mammals in the Seas. Vol. IV. Small Cetaceans, Seals, Sirenians and Otters. FAO Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research Working Party on Marine Mammals. FAO, Rome. (Selected papers of the Scientific Consultation on the Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals and Their Environment held in Bergen, Norway, 1976.) 531 pp.

Garshelis, D.L. 1984 Age estimation of living sea otters. Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 665-678.

Haley, D. 1975 Sleek and Savage. North America's Weasel Family. Pacific Search Books, Seattle. 128 pp. (Includes sea and river otters.)

Harris, C.J. 1968 Otters. A Study of the Recent Lutrinae. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 397 pp. (Chapters on taxonomy, natural history, European, Middle Eastern, Asian, African, North American, Central and South American otters and the Sea otter.)

Harrison, R.J. 1972+ Functional Anatomy of Marine Mammals. 3 Vols. plus. Academic Press, London, New York. (Technical continuing series. Vols. I and II each have one chapter on the sea otter.)

Jameson, R.J., K.W. Kenyon, M. Ancel, and H.M. Wight 1982 History and Status of Translocated Sea Otter Populations in North America. Wildlife Society Bulletin 10, pp. 100-107.

Kenyon, K.W. 1969 The Sea Otter in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North American Fauna No.68. 352 pp. 2nd edition, 1975. (Available in Dover paperback.)

1982 Sea Otter Enhydra lutris. In J.A. Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer (Editors), Wild Mammals of North America. Biology, Management, and Economics, pp. 704-710. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.

Ladd, W. 1986 New hope for the southern sea otter. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin, Vol. 11, Nos. 8 & 9, pp. 12-14, Nos.10 & 11 pp. 5-7.

Loughlin, T.R. 1980 Radio telemetric determination of the 24-hour feeding activities of sea otters Enhydra lutris. In C.J. Amlaner, Jr. and D.W. Macdonald, editors, A Handbook on Biotelemetry and Radio Tracking, pp. 717-724.

Mason, C.F. and Macdonald, S.M. 1986 Otters: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York. 236 pp. ( Enhydra lutris, pp.193-203.)

Miller, D.J. 1974 The Sea Otter, Enhydra lutris, its Life History, Taxonomic Status and Some Ecological Relationships. California Department of Fish and Game, Leaflet No.7. 13 pp.

Morris, R.. D.V. Ellis, and B.P. Emerson 1981 The British Columbia transplant of sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Biological Conservation, Vol. 20, No. 4, August 1981, pp. 291-295.

Munro, W.T. 1985 Status of the sea otter, Enhydra lutris in Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist, Vol. 99, No. 3, pp. 413-416.

Novikov, G.A. 1962 Carnivorous Mammals of the Fauna of the USSR, No.62. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 284 pp.

Ogden, A. 1941 The California Sea Otter Trade, 1784-1848. University of California Press, Berkeley, 251 pp. (Reprint 1975.)

Orr, R.T. 1972 Marine Mammals of California. California Natural History Guides 29. University of California Press, Berkeley. 64 pp.

Park, E. 1971 The World of the Otter. J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, New York. 159 pp., black and white photographs.

Payne S.F. and R.J. Jameson 1984 Early behavioral development of the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 65, No.3, pp. 527-531.

Petersen, J.H. 1985 Otters, urchins and Aleuts. Terra, Vol. 23, No. 5, May/June 1985, pp. 20-24. (Discussion of the stability of Pre-European biological communities.)

Ralls, K., J. Ballou, and R.L. Brownell, Jr. 1983 Genetic diversity in California sea otters: theoretical considerations and management implications. Biological Conservation, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 209-232.

Repenning, C.A. 1976 Enhydra and Enhydriodon from the Pacific coast of North America. Journal of Research of U.S. Geological Survey, Vol. 4, No. 3, May-June 1976, pp. 305-315. (Evolutionary history of the Sea Otter.)

Ridgway, S.H. and R.J. Harrison (Editors) 1981 Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. I: The Walrus, Sea Lions, Fur Seals, and Sea Otter. Academic Press, London. 235 pp. (Organized taxonomically with separate chapters for each species.)

Shimek, S.J. 1977 The underwater foraging habits of the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. California Fish and Game, Vol. 63, No. 2, April 1977, pp. 120-122.

Shimek, S.J. and A. Monk 1977 Daily activity of sea otters off the Monterey peninsula, California. Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 41, No. 2, April 1977, pp. 277-283.

Simenstad, C.A., J.A. Estes, K.W. Kenyon 1978 Aleuts, sea otters and alternate stable-state communities. Science, Vol. 200, No. 4340, April 28, 1978, pp. 403-411.

Todd, E.I. and K.W. Kenyon 1972 Selected Bibliography of the Sea Otter. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Science Report, Wildlife No. 149. 40 pp.

Vanblaricam, G.R. and J.A. Estes (Editors) 1987 The Community Ecology of Sea Otters. Ecological Studies, Vol. 65. Springer Verlag, New York. 264 pp. (approx.) (Review of the history of sea otters, their foraging habits, and empirical studies of the effects of predation in various marine habitats.)

Return to Table of Contents

Sea Otters - Popular

Annixter, J. and P. 1972 Sea Otter. Holiday House, New York. 63 pp., illus.(Life cycle of the Sea Otter in the North Pacific.)

Bailey, J.H. 1979 Sea Otter. El Moro Publications, Morro Bay, CA 172 pp.

Brown, V. 1976 Sea Mammals and Reptiles of the Pacific Coast. MacMillan pub. Co., New York. 265 pp., black and white illus. (Sea Otters: pp. 20-34.)

Burton, R., C. Devaney and T. Long 1976 The Living Sea: an illustrated encyclopedia of marine life. Orbis Pub., London. 240 pp., color illus. (Section on the Sea Otter: pp. 22l-223.)

Carey, J. 1986 The sea otter's uncertain future. National Wildlife, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 16-21.

Chanin, P. 1985 The Natural History of Otters. Facts on File Pub., New York. 179 pp. (Authoritative but readable; section on interactions of man and otters.)

Cole, D. 1975 Shellfish or sea otters? Plan to manage the otter population on the California coast. Sea Frontiers, Vol. 21, July 1975, pp. 194-202.

Cousteau, J.Y. and P. Diole 1974 Diving Companions. Sea Lion, Elephant Seal, Walrus. Doubleday & Co. Inc., Garden City, New York. 304 pp. (Includes sea otters.)

Daugherty, A.E. 1979 Marine Mammals of California. 3rd revised edition, reprint 1985. University of California Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. 61 pp.

Davis, B.S. 1977 The Southern sea otter revisited. Pacific Discovery, Vol. 30, No. 2, March April 1977, pp.1-13. (Authoritative account of biology and management of the California Sea Otter.)

Gray, R. (Editor) 1981 Amazing Animals of the Sea. Marine Mammals. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 104 pp. (For young children, Sea Otters: pp. 34-41, color photographs of feeding and tool using.)

Haley, D. (Editor) 1986 Marine Mammals of Eastern North Pacific and Arctic Waters. Revised 2nd edition. Pacific Search Press, Seattle, Washington. 2 pp., black and white and color photographs. (Sea Otter: pp. 254-263.)

Hancock, L. 1981 Old man of the sea. Nature Canada, Vol. 10, No. 3, April/June 1981, pp. 17-22, 37, 39-42.

Harris, C.J. 1968 Otters. A Study of the Recent Lutrinae. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 397 pp. (Chapters on taxonomy, natural history, European, Middle Eastern, Asian, African, North American, Central and South American otters and the Sea otter.)

Hedgpeth, J.W. 1974 Sea otters: irresistible ecological bodies. Oceans, Vol. 7, No. 5, September 1974, P. 61.

Holyer, E.M. 1975 The Southern Sea Otter. Steck-Vaughn Co., Texas. 30 pp. (Elementary and Jr. High school children. Describes use of tools, conservation efforts, ecosystem.)

Johnson, W.W. 1973 The Story of Sea Otters. Random House, New York. 89 pp., illus. (Habits and ecological decline.)

Kenyon, K.W. 1971 Return of the sea otter. National Geographic, Vol. 140, No. 4, October 1971, pp. 520-539.

Lauber, P. 1976 Sea Otters & Seaweed. Garrard Pub. Co., Champaign, Illinois. 64 pp., illus.

Martin, R.M. 1977 Mammals of the Oceans. G.P. Putnam's sons, New York. 208 pp., color photographs.

McClung, R.M. 1978 Hunted Mammals of the Sea. W. Morrow and Co., New York. 191 pp., illus. (Characteristics, exploitation, preservation of sea mammals.)

May, J. 1972 Sea Otter. Creative Ed. Mankato, Minnesota. 34 pp., illus.

McCracken, H. 1957 Hunters of the Stormy Sea. Oldbourne Press, London. 312 pp. (Saga of the Russian Sea Otter hunters in the Pacific N.W.)

McDearmon, K. 1973 A Day in the Life of a Sea Otter. Dodd Mead, New York. 44 pp., illus.

Nickerson, R. 1984 Sea Otters. A Natural History and Guide. Chronicle Books, San Francisco. 116 pp. (History, life habits, controversies and how and where to see otters along the California coast.)

Orr, R.T. 1972 Marine Mammals of California. California Natural History Guides 29. University of California Press, Berkeley. 64 pp.

Palmisano, J.F. and J.A. Estes 1976 Sea otters: pillars of the nearshores community; ecological interaction of otters, sea urchins and kelp. Natural History, Vol. 85, No. 7, August 1976, pp. 46-53.

Park, E. 1971 The World of the Otter. J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, New York. 159 pp., black and white photographs.

Scheffer, V.B. 1981 The Amazing Sea Otter. Scribner's, New York. l44 pp., illus. (An accurate account of the life history and biology of the sea otter is woven into a fictional narrative of a new born otter and a young girl.)

Seed, A. et al 1972 Sea Otter in Eastern North Pacific Waters. Pacific Search Books, Seattle. 37 pp.

Tennesen, M. 1976 Good times. National Wildlife, Vol. 14, No. 2, February 1976, pp. 42-47.

Time-Life Editors 1977 Whales and Other Sea Mammals. Time-Life Films, Chicago. 128 pp. (Sea Otter: pp. 100-108.)

Wilson, S. 1984 California's surviving sea otters: still threatened. Pacific Discovery, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp.16-21.

Return to Table of Contents

Additional Sources of Information

Biological Abstracts is a semimonthly publication which abstracts articles from nearly all the major technical biological journals. Listings are by subject, author, keyword, and systematic heading.

Friends of the Sea Otter, an organization devoted to the protection and management of the Southern sea otter, publishes The Otter Raft, a newsletter presenting information on current legislative proposals by the State of California and the Federal government, biological updates, workshops, and educational programs.

Journal of Mammalogy, a publication of the American Society of Mammalogists, issues a yearly index to articles it has published. Listings are by subject, locality, vernacular name, scientific name, and author. Special publications and Mammalian Species may be ordered from the Secretary of the Society.

Marine Mammal Commission: A list of Marine Mammal Contract Reports is available directly from the Commission, 1625 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20006. The reports can be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.

Marine Mammal Information, a newsletter published twice yearly, is available by subscription from Sea Grant Communications, 418 Administration Bldg., Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Reports of research in progress, Federal legislation, conservation issues, and scientific information exchange are noted.

Marine Mammal Science, a quarterly journal published by the Society for Marine Mammalogy, an international organization of marine mammalogists, is devoted to authoritative, technical papers on all aspects of marine mammal biology; includes book reviews and letters with scientific commentary on issues affecting marine mammals or marine mammal science. For subscription information, write to the Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. Bruce Mate, Oregon State University, Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365.

Wildlife Review, published quarterly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, abstracts the entire wildlife literature.

Zoological Record, an index published by the Zoological Society of London, specializes in citations of interest to taxonomists, but also lists articles, on morphology, physiology, genetics, and ecology of specific animal groups; indexed by author, subject systematics, and geographic area

NOTE: This publication can be made available in Braille or audio cassette. To obtain a copy in one of these formats, please call or write :
Smithsonian Information
PO Box 37012
SI Building, Room 153, MRC 010
Washington, DC 20013-7012
202.633.1000 (voice); 202.633.5285 (TTY)
e-mail: info@si.edu
(Please provide postal address.)