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Asian Elephant (left) (Elephas maximus indicus), female; African Elephant
(right) (Loxodonto Africana oxyotisat), female,
at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C. Smithsonian
Photos by Jessie Cohen.
The publications listed are not
available from the Smithsonian. They may be obtained from school and local
libraries or requested through an interlibrary loan.
Adams, J.
1981 Wild Elephants in Captivity. Center
for the Study of Elephants, Carson, California. 201 pp., illus.
Allaway, J.
1981 The African Elephant's Drinking Problem.
Natural History, Vol. 90, No. 4, April 1981, pp. 30-35.
Alwis, L. de
1983 A Nation Rises to the Challenge. National
Geographic, Vol. 164, No. 8, August 1983, pp. 274-278. (Efforts
to protect Sri Lanka's elephants.)
Buss, I. O.
1990 Elephant Life. Fifteen years of high
population density. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 191 pp.
( Includes behavior, structure and function, distribution, reproduction,
forest life and feeding.)
Carrington, R.
1959 Elephants; a Short Account of their Natural
History, Evolution and Influence on Mankind. Basic Books,
New York. 272 pp.
Chadwick, D.H
1991 Elephants - Out of Time, Out of Space. National
Geographic, Vol. 179, No. 4, April 1991, pp. 2-49.
1992 The Fate of the Elephant. Sierra Club Books,
San Francisco. 492 pp. (Emphasis on wildlife conservation)
Crandall, L. S.
1964 The Management of Wild Mammals in Captivity.
University of Chicago Press. 769 pp. (Section on elephants:
pp. 451-476.)
DiSilvestro, R.L.
1991 The African Elephant. Twilight in Eden.
Audubon Society Book. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 206 pp. (Describes
history and behavior of African elephant with an emphasis on conservation
efforts by the African countries; many beautiful photographs.)
Douglas-Hamilton, I. and O.
1975 Among the Elephants. Viking Press,
New York. 285 pp. (Popular account of field research in Tanzania.
Sections on the ecology, behavior and natural history of the elephant.)
Douglas-Hamilton, O.
1980 Africa's Elephants-Can they Survive. National
Geographic, Vol. 158, No. 5, November 1980, pp. 568-603.
(Emphasis on effects of poaching and loss of habitat.)
Dozier, T.
1975 Our Elephant- How it Came Here. Smithsonian,
Vol. 5, No. 12, March 1975, pp. 102-106. (Fenykovi elephant)
Eltringham, S.K.
1982 Elephants. Blandford Press, Poole,
England. 262 pp., illus. (A comprehensive reference: reviews
the anatomy, physiology, social organization, reproduction, natural
history, and population dynamics of elephants. Documents the
evolutionary history of the Proboscidea.)
Freeman, M.R. and U.P. Kreuter (Editors)
1994 Elephants and Whales: Resources for Whom? Gordon
and Breach Science Publishers, Basel, Switzerland. 321 pp. (Rare mammals
with an emphasis on elephants and whales; wildlife conservation.)
Haynes, G.
1991 Mammoths, Mastodonts, and Elephants: Biology,
Behavior, and the Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
and New York. 413 pp. (Summary of taxonomy and classification of living
and extinct elephants; physical appearance; listing of frozen mammoth
carcasses; much factual information on fossil elephants.)
James, T. Jr.
1982 World Went Mad When Mighty Jumbo Came to America.
Smithsonian, Vol. 13, No. 2, May 1982, pp. 134-151. (History
of Jumbo, one of the largest known specimens of African bush elephant,
how he was acquired by the Barnum and Bailey circus, and his life
in America.)
Laursen, L. and M. Bekoff
1978 Loxodonta africana. Mammalian Species,
No. 92, pp. 1-8. American Society of Mammalogists. (Technical
account of the African elephant.)
Maglio, V. J.
1973 Origin and Evolution of the Elephantidae.
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series- Vol.
63, Part 3, 1973. Philadelphia. 149 pp.
McKay, G. M.
1973 Behavior and Ecology of the Asiatic Elephant
in Southeastern Ceylon. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,
No. 125. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC
113 pp.
Mariappa, D.
1986 Anatomy and Histology of the Indian Elephant.
Indira Publishing House, Michigan. 209 pp. (Technical)
Nowak, R.
1991 Walker's Mammals of the World. 5th
edition. Vol. I and II. Johns Hopkins University Press,
Baltimore, London. 1629 pp. (Proboscidea: Vol. II, pp. 1277-1286.)
Orenstein, R. (Editor)
1997 Elephants. The Deciding Decade. 2nd edition
revised and updated; paperback. Firefly Books, Buffalo, New York.
160 pp.
Payne, K.
1998 Silent Thunder: In the Presence of Elephants. Simon &
Schuster, New York. 288 pp.
Posell, E.
1982 Elephants. Children's Press, Chicago.
45 pp. (For elementary school grades 1-4.)
Preston, D.
1983 Jumbo, King of Elephants. Natural History,
Vol.92, No. 3, March 1983, pp. 80-83.
Redmond, I.
1993 Elephant. Eyewitness Books, Knopf, New York.
63 pp. (Discusses elephants, their physiology, behavior, evolution.)
Ringis, R.
1996 Elephants of Thailand in Myth, Art, and Reality. Oxford
University Press, Kuala Lumpur and New York. 189 pp.
Shoshani, J. and J. F. Eisenberg
1982 Elephas maximus. Mammalian Species,
No. 182, pp. 1-8. American Society of Mammalogists. (Technical
account of the taxonomy, biology, and life history of the Asiatic
or Indian elephant.)
_____, and P. Tassy
1996 The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants
and Their Relatives. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.
472 pp. (Papers from a symposium, "Evolution and Palaeoecology
of Proboscidea," in Rome, Italy, August 1989.)
Sikes, S.
1971 The Natural History of the African Elephant.
American Elsevier Publishing Co., New York. 397 pp. (An
authoritative yet readable account of the biology and life history
of the elephant.)
Spinage, C.A.
1994 Elephants. T & A D Poyser, London. 319
pp.
Sukumar, R.
1993 Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management.
Reprint, 1989 ed. Cambridge Studies in Applied Ecology and Resource
Management. Cambridge University Press, New York. 255 pp. (Technical)
1994 Elephant Days and Nights: ten years with the
Indian elephant. Forward by G. Schaller. Oxford University Press,
New York. 184 pp.
Prepared by the Department of Vertebrate Zoology,
National Museum of Natural History, in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services,
Smithsonian Institution
VZ-15
Winter 1999 edition
rev. 2/01
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